产品描述:
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a heterotrimeric serine/threonine kinase.{57355} It is composed of an α subunit, two β subunits, and two γ subunits. The α and β subunits each have two isoforms, designated as α1, α2, β1, and β2, which differ at residues affected by post-translational modifications, and the γ subunit has γ1, γ2, and γ3 isoforms. The diversity of isoforms that can comprise the AMPK complex impart differing functions and subcellular localization.{57355,57356} AMPK is ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotes, and AMPK complexes containing an α1 subunit are localized to the cytoplasm.{57356} AMPK is activated by phosphorylation of the α subunit by kinases and/or by AMP or ADP binding to the γ subunit, which occurs under low energy conditions with high ratios of AMP/ADP to ATP, or an increase in intracellular calcium levels.{57355,57357} In this way, AMPK acts as a regulator of cellular energy homeostasis. It can also be activated under conditions of oxidative stress, where it functions as a redox sensor.{57356} Its activity is decreased under high energy conditions where ATP, glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids are plentiful.{57355} AMPK is involved via its downstream signaling pathways in lipid and glucose metabolism, protein synthesis, autophagy, and redox regulation, as well as inhibition of inflammatory processes.{57355,57357} AMPK activation in vivo reduces adiposity in mice, as well as inhibits proliferation of cancer cells in vitro and reduces tumor growth in mouse xenograft models.{57356} Cayman's AMPK α1, β1, and γ1 Subunits (human, recombinant) protein can be used for enzyme activity assay applications. This protein consists of 1,160 amino acids and has a calculated molecular mass of approximately 146 kDa.