产品描述:
δ-Valerobetaine is a metabolite produced by various gut microbiota, including S. typhimurium, B. longum, and lactobacilli.{66773} It reduces the palmitate-dependent oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in glucose-, glutamine-, and pyruvate-deprived HepG2 cells when used at concentrations of 10 and 50 µM. In vivo, δ-valerobetaine (10 and 100 mg/kg) decreases hepatic mitochondrial long-chain acylcarnitine levels and enhances hepatic steatosis in fasted, but not fed, mice. It also increases visceral adipose tissue (VAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT), and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) weights in germ-free and conventional mice fed a Western diet. Plasma levels of δ-valerobetaine are positively correlated with visceral adipose tissue mass in humans.